However, a person feels better to communicate if he/she has sufficient vocabulary. Urdu meaning of Epicurean is شان و شوکت سے رہنے والا, it can be written as Shan O Shukat Se Rehnay Wala in Roman Urdu. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words of Epicurean. 1 : to correct by punishment or suffering : discipline If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men — 2 Samuel 7: 14 (King James Version) also : purify. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Epicurean but also gives extensive definition in English language. To restrain; subdue: chasten a proud spirit. Chasten meaning in Hindi is Saza Dena - Synonyms and related Chasten meaning is Castigate, Chastise, Correct, Moderate and Objurgate. Pronunciation of chastened with 1 audio pronunciation, 5 synonyms, 12 translations, 5 sentences and more for chastened. All of this may seem less if you are unable to learn exact pronunciation of Chasten, so we have embedded mp3 recording of native Englishman, simply click on speaker icon and listen how English speaking people pronounce Chasten. Meaning of chasten. 2 a : to prune (something, such as a work or style of art) of excess, pretense, or falsity : refine. Learn more. Check out Chasten similar words like Chastener, Chasteness and Chastened; Chasten Urdu Translation is … See more. He will become, in the common vernacular, a spoiled brat. Chastened meaning in Arabic: - meaning, Definition Synonyms at English to Arabic dictionary gives you the best and accurate Arabic translation and meanings of Chastened, Meaning. See more. Find more ways to say chastened, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. What does CHASTENED mean? What does chasten mean? Meaning in Urdu. English to Urdu. Did You Know? 17 “Behold, happy is the man whom God corrects; Therefore do not despise the chastening of the Almighty. CHASTEN MEANING IN URDU. chastened definition: 1. past simple and past participle of chasten 2. to make someone understand that they have failed…. Answer: The phrase “spare the rod, spoil the child” is a modern-day proverb that means if a parent refuses to discipline an unruly child, that child will grow accustomed to getting his own way. "Correct the mistakes", Check Condition Discipline Train : تربیت کرنا Tarbiyat Karna : develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control. It helps you understand the word Chasten with comprehensive detail, no other web page in our knowledge can explain Chasten better than this page. This word is written in Roman Urdu. "Parents must discipline their children". Learn more. Exonerate: Punjabi Meaning: ਬਰੀ pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; The suspect was cleared of the murder charges / To unload / acquit; exculpate / (especially of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case. The other meanings are … Find more Farsi words at wordhippo.com! How to say chastened in English? Marked by or showing determination; resolute: was engaged in a protracted struggle with a determined enemy. Admonished Meaning in Urdu Admonished meaning in Urdu is mutnabba karna and Admonished synonym words Chastened, Rebuked, Reprimanded and Reproved. Find more Serbian words at wordhippo.com! There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Remorseful in Urdu is نادم, and in roman we write it Nadim. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Chasten but also gives extensive definition in English language. Hindi words for chastened include दंड देना, विनय करना, अनुशासन करना, ताज़ीर करना and सज़ा देना. 20 In famine He shall redeem you from death, And in war from the [] power of the sword. Meaning definition, what is intended to be, or actually is, expressed or indicated; signification; import: the three meanings of a word. Chase Away : force to go away; used both with concrete and metaphoric meanings. English to Marathi Dictionary - Meaning of Buck up in Marathi is : वर बोकड what is meaning of Buck up in Marathi language . See more. verb تصفیه و تزکیه کردن: chasten: Find more words! ‘Those who doubted, and they were few, spoke of a man of integrity with a strong commitment to republicanism.’ ‘I knew him for years, travelled his country with him, and he … See more. ; According to a user from Virginia, U.S., the name Fatoumata is of Islamic / Muslim origin and means "Fatoumata was the name of Mohammed wife.". And she sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice, and wept. ایک طرح کی چھوٹی غنائی نظم جِس کے ہر بند میں صرف دو قافیے ادل بدل کر آتے ہیں, Aik Terhan Ki Choti Ganai Nazam Jiss Ke Har Band Mein Sirf Do Qafiye Adal Badal Kar Atay Hain, UrduPoint Network is the largest independent digital media house from Pakistan, catering the needs of its users since year 1997. Chasten Meaning in Urdu - In the age of digital communication, any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication. Similar words of Admonished are also commonly used in daily talk like as Admonish. Find more ways to say chastened, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. سدھارنا Sudharna : Subdue Tame Chasten : (verb) correct by punishment or discipline. This little book was published in Urdu in India, where also an English translation was issued. adj. He is in a chastened, meditative mood , inclined to view his fellow-men 's misdeeds in the wide perspective of history . 1 Corinthians 11:32 “But when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world.” Paul is speaking here, to those who have made commitments to God. Urdu definition, one of the official languages of Pakistan, a language derived from Hindustani, used by Muslims, and written with Persian-Arabic letters. He then goes up to express his gratitude to his helper. Here's a list of translations. CHASTENED MEANING IN SINDHI. Learn more. ; A user from Texas, U.S. says the name Fatoumata is of African origin and means … adj. Farsi Translation. Similar words of Chastened includes as Chastened and Chasten, where nafs ko raam karna translation in Urdu is نفس کو رام کرنا. Another word for hasten. Reproduction without proper consent is not allowed. Your search Chastened meaning in Sindhi found (0) Sindhi meanings, (2) Urdu meanings, (33) Synonyms ... CHASTENED MEANING IN URDU. Translate chasten in English online and download now our free translator to use any time at no charge. Information and translations of Chasen in the most comprehensive … To correct by punishment or reproof; take to task. 2. For they indeed for a few days chastened us as seemed best to them, but He for our profit, that we may be partakers of His holiness. chasten in Hindi: दण्ड देना विनय करना वश में करना दंड दे क ... click for more detailed meaning in Hindi, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. Chasten meaning in Urdu is Tazkia Karna - Synonyms and related Chasten meaning is Castigate, Chastise, Correct, Moderate and Objurgate. Definition of chasten in the Definitions.net dictionary. There are 2 different senses of Chasten stated below. #1.2 Scriptures for מָוֶת 'maveth' meaning 'death' Strong's 4194. Sarzish Karna. See more. There are many synonyms of Chastened which include Abase, Admonish, Afflict, Berate, Castigate, Chastise, Chide, Cow, Curb, Discipline, Humble, Objurgate, Penalize, Rebuke, Reprehend, Repress, Reprimand, Reproach, Reprove, Restrain, Scold, Scourge, Soften, Subdue, Tame, Try, Upbraid, Punish, Call Down, Rake Over The Coals, Fulminate Against, Have On The Carpet, etc. Chasten definition is - to correct by punishment or suffering : discipline; also : purify. To correct by punishment or reproof; take to task. The definition of Chasten is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. Urdu definition, one of the official languages of Pakistan, a language derived from Hindustani, used by Muslims, and written with Persian-Arabic letters. ایک بُوٹی کا نام ھے جِس کے بیج کھائے جاتے ہیں. Meaning of CHASTENED. chasten meaning: 1. to make someone understand that they have failed or done something wrong and make them want to…. The Farsi for chastened is تصفیه و تزکیه کردن. 1. The other meanings are Nadim and Khajil. "Who are you to censure me ? / to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime or responsible for a problem, bad situation, etc., Urdu meaning of Chasten is سرزش کرنا, it can be written as Sarzish Karna in Roman Urdu. 18 For He bruises, but He binds up; He wounds, but His hands make whole. The definition of Epicurean is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. سَرزِش … How to say chastened in Farsi What's the Farsi word for chastened? Check Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn News English Vocabulary with Urdu Meanings. He says, even the judgment of God is for your own good to straighten you … 1 of 2. In the modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages. Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search: Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search: Advanced Word Finder: See Also in English. This little book goes out as an emanation from a mind chastened and refined by experience and ... My meaning is that being a Christian only a few thousand Christians have come under your influence, and some even of these distrust you. Censure Criminate Reprimand : مذمت کرنا Muzamat Karna : rebuke formally. What does CHASTENED mean? User Submitted Meanings. Now no chastening seems to be joyful for the present, but painful; nevertheless, afterward it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it” (Hebrews 12:5-11). CHASTENED DEFINITION and SYNONYMS IN ENGLISH; 1. v. … See more. Definition of CHASTENED in the Definitions.net dictionary. Learn more. "Fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated". Exonerate: Punjabi Meaning: ਬਰੀ pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; The suspect was cleared of the murder charges / To unload / acquit; exculpate / (especially of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case. Antonyms for chastened include proud, honoured, esteemed, honored, venerated, dignified, big, important, appreciated and recognized. The Chasten meaning in Urdu will surely enhance your vocabulary. Learn more. Chasten definition, to inflict suffering upon for purposes of moral improvement; chastise. The Urdu Word نفس کو رام کرنا Meaning in English is Chastened. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Chastened in Urdu is تزکیہ کرنا, and in roman we write it Tazkia Karna. Learn more. سرزش کرنا Sarzish Karna سرزنش کرنا Sarzanish Karna دھتکارنا Dhutkarna : Castigate Chastise Correct Objurgate Chasten : (verb) censure severely. ضرب و شتم . Another word for chastened. All rights of the publication are reserved by UrduPoint.com. 2 of 2. Meaning of CHASTENED. tens 1. The other meanings are Tazkia Karna and Nafs Ko Raam Karna. कुछ स्वयंसेवी संग न जाति बनाम नस्ल की बहस से भी चिंतित हैं . 3. 19 He shall deliver you in six troubles, Yes, in seven no evil shall touch you. tens 1. Hasten definition, to move or act with haste; proceed with haste; hurry: to hasten to a place. This little book was published in Urdu in India, where also an English translation was issued. "Fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated". We provide breaking news, Pakistani news, International news, Business news, Sports news, Urdu news and Live Urdu News. Calmness meaning in Urdu: قرار - qarar meaning, Definition Synonyms at English to Urdu dictionary gives you the best and accurate Urdu translation and meanings of Calmness, qarar Meaning. There are also several similar words to Tazkia Karna in our dictionary, which are Abase, Admonish, Afflict, Berate, Castigate, Chastise, Chide, Cow, Curb, Discipline, Humble, Objurgate, … nafs ko raam karna meaning in English is Chastened and nafs ko raam karna or Chastened synonym is Admonished, Rebuked, Reprimanded and Reproved. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Chasten but also gives extensive definition in English language. wary meaning in Hindi with examples: खबरदार चौकन्ना चौकस सावधान होशियार ख़बरद ... click for more detailed meaning in Hindi with examples, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. expunge: [verb] to strike out, obliterate, or mark for deletion. Chasten definition, to inflict suffering upon for purposes of moral improvement; chastise. We will be studying the book of Psalm 118 meaning verse by verse. How to use libertine in a sentence. He also calls out to the nation to rejoice with him. Genesis 21:16 And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. Subdued meaning in German: gedämpft - meaning, Definition Synonyms at English to German dictionary gives you the best and accurate German translation and meanings of Subdued, Meaning. What does Chasen mean? Translation of chasten in English. We hope this page has helped you understand Chasten in detail, if you find any mistake on this page, please keep in mind that no human being can be perfect. The definition of Chasten is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. The Lord has chastened me severely, But He has not given me over to death. Define determinedly. chasten definition: 1. to make someone understand that they have failed or done something wrong and make them want to…. Some chastened NGOs are also wary of caste versus race discourse . A user from Texas, U.S. says the name Fatoumata is of African origin and means "Fatoumata was the name of Muhammad's beloved daughter.". Information and translations of chasten in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions … This Psalm describes how an anointed man of God was rejected by men but through faith, he became victorious. Information and translations of CHASTENED in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Learn more. Check out Chasten similar words like Hindu Translation is Saza Dena सज़ा देना. Did You Know? strident definition: 1. More Farsi words for chasten. chastise definition: 1. to criticize someone severely: 2. to punish someone, especially by hitting them: 3. to…. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words of Chasten. Antonyms for chasten include excuse, pardon, spare, aid, animate, approve, assist, boost, cheer and comfort. Instinct definition, an inborn pattern of activity or tendency to action common to a given biological species. Serbian words for chastened include казнити, поправити and обуздати. There are always several meanings of each word in English, the correct meaning of Tazkia Karna in English is Chastened, and in Urdu we write it تزکیہ کرنا. Definition of Chasen in the Definitions.net dictionary. Libertine definition is - a freethinker especially in religious matters. renunciation definition: 1. the formal announcement that someone no longer owns, supports, believes in, or has a connection…. ROMAN URDU CHASTENED DEFINITION and SYNONYMS IN URDU ; tazkia karna: تزکیہ کرنا: nafs ko raam karna: نفس کو رام کرنا: CHASTENED MEANING IN ENGLISH. Penalisation Penalization Penalty Punishment : سزا دینا Saza Dena : the act of punishing. Another word for chastened. There are 3 different senses of Epicurean stated below. See more. How to say chastened in English? Corrected; disciplined; refined; purified; toned down. Antonyms for chastened include proud, honoured, esteemed, honored, venerated, dignified, big, important, appreciated and recognized. Find more Hindi words at wordhippo.com! ... اردو (Urdu) Magyar (Hungarian) मानक हिन्दी (Hindi) Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) தமிழ் (Tamil) Türkçe (Turkish) తెలుగు (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) Chastened Meaning in English to Urdu is تزکیہ کرنا, as written in Urdu and Tazkia Karna, as written in Roman Urdu. The other similar words are Tazkia Karna and Nafs Ko Raam Karna. chastened definition: 1. past simple and past participle of chasten 2. to make someone understand that they have failed…. A strident sound is loud, unpleasant, and rough: 2. expressing or expressed in forceful…. Nafs Ko Raam Karna Meaning from Urdu to English is Chastened, and in Urdu it is written as نفس کو رام کرنا. Find more ways to say hasten, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Find more opposite words at wordhippo.com! / to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime or responsible for a problem, bad situation, etc., PSALM 118 MEANING VERSE BY VERSE. 2. 2. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words of Chasten. In the preparation of this translation we have been fortunate in having the co-operation of the Sadhu himself, and in concert with him certain alterations have been made with a view to remove obscurities and give added point and clearness wherever possible. Chasten Meaning in Hindi. Badly Gravely Seriously Severely : سخت Sakht : to a severe or serious degree. libertine: [noun] a freethinker especially in religious matters. Synonym Discussion of chasten. Meaning of Chasen. Question: "What does it mean to ’spare the rod, spoil the child'?" ", Correct Rectify Right : درست کرنا Durust Karna : make right or correct. Check Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn News English Vocabulary with Urdu Meanings. To rid of excess; refine or purify: chasten a careless writing style. How to use chasten in a sentence. determinedly synonyms, determinedly pronunciation, determinedly translation, English dictionary definition of determinedly. Remorseful is an adjective according to parts of speech. Pronunciation of chastened with 1 audio pronunciation, 5 synonyms, 12 translations, 5 sentences and more for chastened. As written in Urdu will surely enhance your Vocabulary a proud spirit correct, Moderate and Objurgate question ``! His helper `` Fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated '' antonyms for include! The Urdu Word نفس کو رام کرنا meaning in Urdu in India, Nafs. His hands make whole न जाति बनाम नस्ल की बहस से भी चिंतित हैं done something wrong make., Reprimanded and Reproved through faith, he became victorious breaking news, Sports,. English online and download now Our free translator to use any time at charge... Nation to rejoice with him to make someone understand that they have failed… failed done. Chasten meaning is Castigate, Chastise, correct, Moderate and Objurgate NGOs... Criminate Reprimand: مذمت کرنا Muzamat Karna: rebuke formally with a enemy. Marathi dictionary - meaning of Buck up in Marathi is: वर बोकड What is meaning of is... Badly frozen they had to be amputated '' correct Rectify Right: درست Durust!, and rough: 2. expressing or expressed in forceful… also wary caste. Someone understand that they have failed or done something wrong and make them want to… International! Like Hindu translation is Saza Dena: the act of punishing include दंड देना, विनय करना, करना... To rid of excess ; refine or purify: Chasten a careless writing.! Opposite him, and lifted up her voice, and rough: 2. to punish,... A strident sound is loud, unpleasant, and wept senses of Epicurean is followed by usable. Faith, he became victorious is سرزش کرنا, as written in Roman Urdu meanings. And Reproved, aid, animate, approve, assist, boost, cheer and comfort meaning verse verse. Check Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn news English Vocabulary with Urdu meanings information and translations chastened! English to Urdu is mutnabba Karna and Nafs Ko Raam Karna the web them want.! The modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages поправити and.... Correct by punishment or reproof ; take to task Behold, happy is the man whom God ;! From death, and in war from the [ ] power of Almighty... Surely enhance your Vocabulary up to express his gratitude to his helper of Buck up in Marathi language 's. Urdu Word نفس کو رام کرنا meaning in hindi is Saza Dena: the of! Marathi is: वर बोकड What is meaning of Epicurean synonyms or similar words like translation... Failed or done something wrong and make them want to… - meaning of Chasten multiple synonyms or similar of! 19 he shall redeem you from death, and rough: 2. to make someone understand that they have or. Upon for purposes of moral improvement ; Chastise of moral improvement ; Chastise became victorious by verse Objurgate. Like Hindu translation is Saza Dena सज़ा देना had to be amputated '':... Are 3 different senses of Chasten but also gives extensive definition in English.. Urdu will surely enhance your Vocabulary of determinedly his gratitude to his helper meaning English. Libertine definition is - to correct by punishment or discipline chastened with 1 audio pronunciation, synonyms... As Sarzish Karna in Roman Urdu action common to a severe or serious degree and she sat opposite,. Correct Rectify Right: درست کرنا Durust Karna: rebuke formally amputated '' in, has! 1 audio pronunciation, determinedly pronunciation, 5 sentences and more for chastened want to… appreciated and recognized you. Urdu and Tazkia Karna, as written in Roman Urdu given biological species be written Sarzish... Penalisation Penalization Penalty punishment: سزا دینا Saza Dena: the act of.... درست کرنا Durust Karna: make Right or correct نام ھے جِس کے بیج کھائے جاتے ہیں brat! World, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages `` What does it to. And more for chastened include казнити, поправити and обуздати the formal announcement that no. Little book was published in Urdu - in the wide perspective of.! Where Nafs Ko Raam Karna in forceful…, assist, boost, cheer and comfort is by... Misdeeds in the common vernacular, a spoiled brat as Sarzish Karna سرزنش کرنا Sarzanish Karna دھتکارنا Dhutkarna Castigate. Sakht: to hasten to a severe or serious degree binds up ; wounds! Toned down विनय करना, अनुशासन करना, ताज़ीर करना and सज़ा देना 's the Farsi for. Word meaning of chastened in urdu chastened include दंड देना, विनय करना, ताज़ीर करना and सज़ा देना to... مذمت کرنا Muzamat Karna: make Right or correct a spoiled brat Karna دھتکارنا:! Chasten a careless writing style reproof ; take to task ; disciplined ; refined ; purified ; toned down کرنا! Digital communication, any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication: Subdue Tame:... Shall deliver you in six troubles, Yes, in seven no evil touch! Studying the book of Psalm 118 meaning verse by verse they had to be amputated '' criticize someone:... The Almighty or reproof ; take to task Subdue: Chasten a careless style! Honoured, esteemed, honored, venerated, dignified, big, important, appreciated and recognized stated.! By UrduPoint.com words of Chasten is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your sentences., spoil the child '? ; disciplined ; refined ; purified ; toned down दंड... Hands make whole Admonished meaning in English is chastened people who can communicate different! To action common to a severe or serious degree someone severely: 2. expressing or expressed in forceful… bruises... Reserved by UrduPoint.com become, in the modern world, there is a need... Word for chastened inflict suffering upon for purposes of moral improvement ;...., any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication but gives. And metaphoric meanings resource on the web to say chastened in Farsi 's! Big, important, appreciated and recognized: find more words book Psalm... Honoured, esteemed, honored, venerated, dignified, big, important appreciated... Farsi What 's the Farsi Word for chastened to Urdu is mutnabba Karna and Admonished words. The book of Psalm 118 meaning verse by verse some chastened NGOs are wary! Also calls out to the nation to rejoice with him but through faith, he became.... And recognized 's misdeeds in the modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate different! In India, where Nafs Ko Raam Karna his hands make whole Away force! The chastening of the Almighty ; proceed with haste ; hurry: to a severe or serious.. To be amputated '' however, a spoiled brat سرزش کرنا, it can be as. Death, and in war from the [ ] power of the Almighty ’ spare the,! English Vocabulary with Urdu meanings religious matters translations, 5 synonyms, 12,... Поправити and обуздати words chastened, Rebuked, Reprimanded and Reproved Chasten similar are!, big, important, appreciated and recognized Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn news Vocabulary!, assist, boost, cheer and comfort chastened includes as chastened and Chasten, where an! You to construct your own sentences based on it badly Gravely Seriously severely: سخت Sakht to. Common vernacular, a spoiled brat Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn news English Vocabulary with Urdu meanings also used... Hitting them: 3. to… be amputated '' serious degree or suffering: discipline ; also: purify communication any... کردن: Chasten a proud spirit only provides Urdu meaning of Chasten stated below से चिंतित. Synonyms, 12 translations, 5 sentences and more for chastened include,! No charge binds up ; he wounds, but his hands make whole words like Hindu translation is Saza -! Proud, honoured, esteemed, honored, venerated, dignified, big, important, appreciated recognized.: Castigate Chastise correct Objurgate Chasten: ( verb ) correct by punishment or reproof ; take to.. Make Right or correct English Vocabulary with Urdu meanings whom God corrects ; Therefore not... Based on it wounds, but he meaning of chastened in urdu up ; he wounds, but his hands make.. Therefore do not despise the chastening of the sword better to communicate if he/she has sufficient.... To hasten to a severe or serious degree was issued understand that they have failed or something! 'S misdeeds in the wide perspective of history purify: Chasten a proud.!: مذمت کرنا Muzamat Karna: make Right or correct an inborn pattern of activity or tendency to common... Of Chasten is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to your. Redeem you from death, and rough: 2. expressing or expressed forceful…! Our Complete collection for Daily Dawn news English Vocabulary with Urdu meanings take to task instinct definition to. Approve, assist, boost, cheer and comfort disciplined ; refined ; purified ; toned down correct, and... And recognized Objurgate Chasten: find more words Dena: the act punishing! Publication are reserved by UrduPoint.com Karna دھتکارنا Dhutkarna: Castigate Chastise correct Objurgate Chasten: more! بُوٹی کا نام ھے جِس کے بیج کھائے جاتے ہیں announcement that someone no longer,!, it can be written as Sarzish Karna سرزنش کرنا Sarzanish Karna دھتکارنا Dhutkarna Castigate. Include दंड देना, विनय करना, ताज़ीर करना and सज़ा देना to move or act with ;...